水(shui)泥(ni)(ni)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土路面(mian)(mian)是我(wo)國(guo)公路路面(mian)(mian)主要(yao)類(lei)型之一,在我(wo)國(guo)公路網構(gou)成中占有較(jiao)大(da)比(bi)重(zhong)。它具(ju)有強度(du)高、剛(gang)度(du)大(da)、受溫度(du)影響小、使用(yong)壽命長等(deng)優點。但水(shui)泥(ni)(ni)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土路面(mian)(mian)接縫較(jiao)多,對超載較(jiao)為敏感(gan),易發生脫空、唧泥(ni)(ni)、裂縫等(deng)先(xian)期病害,從而導致路面(mian)(mian)的(de)破(po)損。如何治理與預防(fang)脫空、唧泥(ni)(ni)等(deng)病害,搞好水(shui)泥(ni)(ni)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土路面(mian)(mian)的(de)養護,延(yan)長公路的(de)使用(yong)壽命,改善其通行(xing)能力,具(ju)有十分重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)意義。筆(bi)者參(can)加了廣西(xi)南寧至(zhi)柳州高速公路水(shui)泥(ni)(ni)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土路面(mian)(mian)改建工程試(shi)驗(yan)路段(duan)施工,采(cai)用(yong)灌(guan)漿(jiang)技(ji)術處治原水(shui)泥(ni)(ni)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土路面(mian)(mian),并對施工項目進行(xing)跟蹤檢測,在室內對漿(jiang)液(ye)的(de)配(pei)合比(bi)進行(xing)了對比(bi)實驗(yan)。灌(guan)漿(jiang)技(ji)術在該(gai)路段(duan)取得了良好的(de)效(xiao)果。

　　1.水泥板(ban)底(di)脫(tuo)空(kong)的危害

　　板(ban)(ban)底脫空的(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)將(jiang)嚴重危(wei)害路面(mian)(mian)的(de)使用質量及(ji)壽命。盡管水泥(ni)混凝(ning)土路面(mian)(mian)基層具(ju)有較高的(de)強度(du),但一旦板(ban)(ban)底脫空,在行車(che)荷載作(zuo)(zuo)用下,混凝(ning)土路面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)將(jiang)失去連(lian)續均(jun)勻(yun)的(de)支承(cheng),發(fa)生(sheng)翹動并(bing)隨(sui)之(zhi)斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)成(cheng)(cheng)為斷(duan)(duan)板(ban)(ban),行車(che)荷載及(ji)環境因素的(de)連(lian)續作(zuo)(zuo)用,將(jiang)加(jia)(jia)大脫空面(mian)(mian)積(ji)和深度(du),使斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)增加(jia)(jia),進而成(cheng)(cheng)為破碎板(ban)(ban)。由于(yu)斷(duan)(duan)板(ban)(ban)及(ji)破碎板(ban)(ban)的(de)存在,雨水沖刷基層加(jia)(jia)劇,并(bing)影響至周邊(bian)板(ban)(ban),而使路面(mian)(mian)產生(sheng)大面(mian)(mian)積(ji)破損,形成(cheng)(cheng)惡性循環。

　　2.水泥混凝土面板唧泥、脫空形成的主要原(yuan)因

　　唧泥和(he)脫(tuo)空病害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產生有其(qi)內在(zai)因(yin)(yin)素和(he)外(wai)界因(yin)(yin)素:內在(zai)因(yin)(yin)素是(shi)基(ji)層本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)、組成(cheng)以及混(hun)(hun)凝土面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)接(jie)縫(feng)狀況;外(wai)界因(yin)(yin)素則是(shi)汽車荷(he)載和(he)氣候變化(hua)(hua)。我國路(lu)面(mian)(mian)基(ji)(墊(dian))層材料一般都(dou)選用穩(wen)定類集料,其(qi)模量(liang)遠小(xiao)于(yu)混(hun)(hun)凝土面(mian)(mian)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)模量(liang)。水泥混(hun)(hun)凝土路(lu)面(mian)(mian)在(zai)重車荷(he)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)反復作用下(xia),板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)下(xia)基(ji)(墊(dian))層將(jiang)產生累(lei)積塑性變形(xing)(xing),使(shi)混(hun)(hun)凝土板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)局部范(fan)圍不再與(yu)基(ji)層保持(chi)連續(xu)接(jie)觸,于(yu)是(shi)水泥砼(tong)路(lu)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)底與(yu)基(ji)(墊(dian))層之間(jian)(jian)將(jiang)出現(xian)(xian)微小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空隙(xi),即出現(xian)(xian)了板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)下(xia)局部脫(tuo)空,或(huo)(huo)稱為(wei)原始脫(tuo)空區。同時溫度(du)、濕度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua),以及板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)內溫度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)非線形(xing)(xing)分布(bu),引起(qi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)向上或(huo)(huo)向下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)翹曲(qu),加(jia)速(su)了板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)基(ji)層之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分離,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)底脫(tuo)空。脫(tuo)空的(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)(xian)又為(wei)水的(de)(de)(de)(de)浸入創(chuang)造了條件,當路(lu)面(mian)(mian)接(jie)縫(feng)或(huo)(huo)裂(lie)縫(feng)養(yang)護不及時,雨(yu)水從(cong)破損(sun)處(chu)侵入基(ji)層,滲入的(de)(de)(de)(de)水將(jiang)在(zai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)下(xia)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)積水(自由水)。積水與(yu)基(ji)層材料中的(de)(de)(de)(de)細料形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)泥漿,并沿面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)接(jie)縫(feng)縫(feng)隙(xi)處(chu)噴濺(jian)出來,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)唧泥。唧泥的(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)(xian)進一步加(jia)劇了板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)底的(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)空。這(zhe)樣周而復始,惡性循環,***終導(dao)致路(lu)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)壞(huai)。